VOCABULARIO

UNIT 51 Ummayad: Family that ruled the Islam Empire of Damascus, their members were assassinated and the last escaped to Al-Andalus in 750.
2 Caliphate of Damascus: Islam Empire which capital was in Damascus .3 Caliphate of Cordoba: Was the most brilliant period of Al-Andalus, the capital was in Cordoba4 Al-Andalus: Were the Iberian territories in the power of the Muslims during eight centuries.5 Jews: People who lived in Spain under the Muslim rule, that play an important role in the economy.
6 Emirate: Territory governed by the emir. 7 Emir: Person appointed by the caliph, who ruled the emirate
8 Walis: Were governors, who controlled the provinces.9 Visir: Was a minister.10 Hayib: Was the primer minister.11 Raids: Fast attacks that they were used to obtain money and prisoners, in the Caliphate of Cordoba.12 Taifas: Name by the Muslims kingdoms when the Caliphate of Cordoba was divided in small kingdoms
13 Parias: Taxes paid by the taifas to the Christian Kingdoms.14 Almoravids: Warriors Berbers from the north of Africa, called by the Muslim Kingdoms.15 Almohads: Warriors Berbers from the north of Africa, called by the Muslim Kingdoms.16 Battle of Navas de Tolosa: Battle produced in 1212 when the Muslims were defeated.
17 Nasrid Kingdom: The last Muslim kingdom, formed by the Nasrid family.18 Dinar: money, coin of gold.19 Dirhem: money, coin of silver.20 Arabs: People who were the descendants of the conquerors of the Arabian peninsula.21 Berbers: Warriors of the north of Africa.22 Muladies: Christian who adopted the religion language and customs of Islam.23 Mozarabs: Christians who continued to practise their religion.24 Medina: Was the main area in the old Muslim city.25 Aljama: Was the main mosque in the Muslim city.26 Mosque: Was a place where the Muslims went to pray.27 Arrabales: Were worker's districts, where the craft workshops were located.28 Alcázar: A fortified area in the highest part of the town. The centre of political life.29 Souk: Was the market, a place where social and economic life was centred.30 Alhóndigas: Large warehouses, where the merchants kept their goods.31 Averroes: Was an Islam philosopher who lived in this period.
32 Maimonides: Was an Islam intellectual, 33 Horseshoe arches: Were the arches used in the Islamic architecture.34 Plasterwork: Was used to decorate the Islamic buildings.
UNIT 61 Reconquest: Time that lasted the conquered of the Iberian Peninsula, when the Christians defeated the Muslims.
2 Kingdom of Asturias: Kingdom created by the Christians in mountain ranges of Cantabria.
3 Kingdom of León:Was originated when the capital of the kingdom of Asturias was moved to Leon.4 Aragonese counties: Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.5 Catalan counties: Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.6 Pelayo: Was chose by the Visigoths as their king, defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Covadonga.7 Battle of Covadonga: Was produced in 722.The Muslim was defeated by the Christian8 Alfonso III: He was one king who reigned in the last years of 9th century and early years of the 10th century, when was the greatest expansion just that moment.
9 Fernán González: he divided Castile in a county which was made independent.10 Spanish March: Lands in the south of Pyrenees between the Muslims and the Carolingian Empire.11 Carolingian Empire: Empire created by Charlemagne was dissolved in the 9th century. it had the Spanish march in the Pyrenean region.12 Sancho III the Great: King of Navarre, he became the most powerful Christian king on the Peninsula in the 11th century.13 Wilfred the Hairy: Was the person who united the Catalan counties, in the 9th century.14 Beatus: Kind of book that is a famous example of the mozarabic art. It was a manuscript with beautiful paintings15 Mozarabic art: Was the art witch emerged in the Christian kingdoms in the 10th century.16 Mudejar art: It Was emerged in the 12th in Sahagún, Leon.17 Asturian art: Art Developed near of Oviedo between the 8th and 10th centuries.18 Repopulation: Was produced when the Christians kingdom advance went from the Duero valley until the Granada Kingdom19 Fueros: Were the privileges given by the kings to the towns.20 Military orders: Religious order, was a religious army created by the feudal estates to fight to the Muslim advance
21 Mudejars: Where Muslims who remained in Christian territory.22 Alfonso VI: He conquered Toledo, the Tajo valley and a part of Andalusia.23 Ferdinand III: Was the person who united Castile and Leon in 1230 and founded the crown of Castile.24 Cortes: Their function was to approve or reject new taxes.25 Honourable Council of the Mesta: was creates in 1273 to discuss the problem of the Merino sheep. It was a council of breed sheep and your problems26 Alfonso I the Battler: Was the first king of Aragon.27 James I the Conqueror: King of the Crown of Aragon. He took Valencia, Alicante, Murcia and the Balearic islands.28 Generalitat: An institution which defended the rights of individuals in Catalonia, Aragon, Valencia, ensured that the fueros and decisions of their Cortes were respected